(Curriculum, NTUST, 5908701) Advanced Civil Construction
MT KAO (Blog:
http://mtkaoforum31.blogspot.tw/)
(mtkaoforum31@gmail.com)
台科大高等土木施工學教材(2022)
Brief for Semester Start from Feb.
2023
1. The Change in Professional’s Earning and Social Status since Industrial Revolution; the Tendency the Young Engineers Drifting to the Unpredictable World Need to Know:
(工業革命以來，專業人才相對於其他階層，其收入與社會地位的變化；將以工程做為終生志業，奉獻一切的年輕工程師應該了解:)
1) Comparison between the income through personal capability and efforts and that from investment and bequests. It changes since the industrial revolution and has influenced the allocation of talent.
(收入係因個人能力與努力而來，與由投資或遺贈而來，兩者消長之比較，自工業革命以來變化很大，影響到人才之歸依。)
2) How the excellent brains were paid by ruling class who dominate the economy and the industries historically?
(歷史上經濟與產業宰制階級，如何報償第一流頭腦？)
3) What will a young civil engineer choose to be? Occupational, professionals or super managers. Is it correct to borrow “meritocratic extremism” to justify the tremendous pay difference between capitalist/ rent seekers and hard-workers?
(年輕土木工程師要選擇：一般職業、特殊專業，或超級經理人？既得利益者是否可以極端的菁英優越感，來合理化資本家/尋租者，與辛勤工作者龐大的報酬差距？)
4) Technology improvement makes economy flourish and life better, still some people in each social class has to struggle for livelihood and survival as distribution inequality persist. Will the engineers whose expertise and knowledges be replaced by digital software and artificial intelligence fall in the category in their life time?
(技術的進步讓經濟發展，生活舒適，但所得分配不能平均，讓任何時候，任何階級，都有人為生活掙扎，為生存擔心；同樣的如果今天的工程師，他的專業、知識，那天為數位軟體與人工智慧取代，是不是也要成為無所依靠者？)
5) The professional tomorrow: Let AGI (Artificial General Intelligent) to take over and accept “Le Droit à la Paresse” (“The Right to be Lazy”) while living on Universal Basic Income dispensed by the government; or become 21st century Luddites against automatic machine? )
(專業工程師的明天：讓強大的AGI接手一切，然後同意法國名言「人們有權變懶惰」，靠政府發給的基本生活補助過活；或成為21世紀，搗毀一切自動化機器的盧德派抗議派工人？ )
6) Can “Engineering as a Vocation” be honored in Taiwan when material reward is meager compared with devotion paid? Can the passion, inspiration and rationality as a professional be kept as the vocation is life time choice?
(「工程成為一種志業」的想法，在台灣收入相對付出不多的情況下，能持續為大家尊重？專業工程師賴以保持動力，所必要的熱情、靈感與理性能夠維持下去嗎？)
2. How will Young men Start his Professional Career?
(年輕人如何學習去做一個優秀工程師?)
1) To learn how the government operates and the economy function in the real world and the existence of political institutions, social establishment, and commercial interest groups.
(要了解現實世界中，政府如何運行，經濟是如何作用；以及政治組織、社會階級和商業利益團體的存在。)
2) Construction business is attached to history, culture and custom of the country and society. A successful engineer has to know humanity, social behaviors, tradition and conventional wisdom; not dismiss them as redundancy soon to be discarded in the process of modernization.
(工程事業植基於歷史、文化與社會習慣。成功的工程師必須知道人性、社會行為、傳統，與常識；不能認為在現代化過程這些都是累贅。)
3) Engineering is an art rather than a science: approaches to the clients, colleagues or even competitors should be more civic and in tight link with humanity and common sense.
(工程學很大的成分是藝術，而非科學：與業主、同事甚至競爭者溝通，應該是文明，且與人性與常識有更大的關係。)
4) The corruption and rent seeking will be hard to diminish in the construction business, however, it will be reduced in an open society and free market. An engineer will only be prosperous to learn reasoning, contention and compromise a bustling democracy.
在工程產業中，貪污與尋租，現實上無法根絕，但在開放社會與自由市場中，卻會輕緩。工程師只有在活潑的民主制度中，藉反覆的說理、競爭，與妥協中獲得成功。)
5) The professionals don't produce, manufacture or build, they offer design solutions based on knowledge accrued through education and training. Plus, it requires good "judgement" based on experience, analysis and creativity, distinguishing them from ordinary people.
(專業工程師並不親自生產或建造，他們係以由教育與訓練累積的知識，提出設計方案。與一般人不一樣的地方，就是能基於經驗、分析，與創意，而提出好的判斷。)
6) Right altitude shall be most important for freshmen: steadfast when offered elementary skill and details, passionate with curiosity breeding innovation and creativeness leading to maturity, and trust the systems and accept the lead of the higher-up with patience.
(對新進工程人員而言，正確的態度，包括學習基本功夫、深入細節時的沉穩；由好奇心孕育出改革、創新進化到成熟時的長保熱情；以及相信制度、接受先進前輩指導的耐心。)
7) Young engineers must understand the modern construction industry essentially is governed with human distrust: terms of contracts, laws, certificates, checks, guarantees, tests, investigations and reports, are used to instigate the antagonism between, the parties with confronting interests.
(另一方面，現代工程產業的複雜，很多是建立在人與人間的互不信任，契約條件、法律、證明、檢查、測試、保證、調查，報告等需求，更不用說挑起利益衝突者間爭議，再去協調解決的機制。)
3. Construction Industry and its Significance to Total Economy:
(基礎工程與總體經濟發展的關係：)
1). An economy develops quickly if there is good infrastructure, or to lose momentum.
(有好的基礎建設，經濟發展可以快速。)
2). Infrastructure projects construction stimulates demand of building material, machine and tools, furniture, and services; thus, speed up industrious development. And when economy grows, the construction market thrives.
(進行基礎建設會刺激建材、機具與工具、家具與各項服務的需求。當經濟發展快速，營建市場繁榮。)
3). Young countries need civil engineers to draw national development plans for years and decades up to cabinet level. It is the term “technocrats" for people with expertise hard to be replaced under different regimes.
年輕國家需土木工程師擬定多年國家發展計畫，直至內閣層級，故不同，甚至是敵對的政權會用同樣的技術官僚。)
4). Construction people sometimes risked to become accomplices of powerful people stealing public money. The infrastructure contracts usually involve tremendous sums and require different sub tier companies to perform the works; the illicit money is easy to hide and park. The contractors are easily to be blamed.
(工程師有時會淪為竊國政客的貪汙共犯，此因工程契約牽涉金錢數額龐大，又需多層包商共同完成工作，故容易藏錢。)
4. Young Engineers Must Determine the Earlier the Better in their Career, based on Personality, Talent or Linkage, to Work as:
(年輕工程師應依其個人特質、才能與背景儘速決定其職場選項：)
1) Consultant or Contractor. (顧問公司或施工廠商)
2) Technical or Managerial cadet. (技術或管理專業。)
3) Domestic or International figure. (國內或國際工程。)
4) Employed or boss. (受雇者或老闆。)
5. The Modern Construction Industry and its Major Players:
(現代營建業組成與參與者類：)
1) Frontage Players.
(1) General Contractors
(2) Consulting Engineers
(3) Architects
(4) Workers, Labor Gangs and Subcontractors
(5) Specialty Contractor
(6) Employers
2) Supporting Entities.
(1) Bank
(2) Insurance Company
(3) Investment Company or Fund
(4) Operator
3) Third Party Participants: notaries, lawyers, inspectors, laboratories, certifiers,
appraisers, unions, arbitrators
4) Stakeholders
(1) Public
(2) Authority
(3) Neighborhood and Locals
6. Remuneration, Feeling of Fulfilment, and Chances of Promotion in Different Entities(在性質不同工程單位，可能遇到的狀況：待遇、滿意感，晉升機會)
1) Academy
(1) Nationalization and bureaucratization of educational institution.
(2) Fate, connections, and politic play significantly in the assignment and promotion
of faculty positions.
(3) Inspiration, heart and soul are still required in developing scientific and
engineering theories
(4) Limited monetary remuneration augmented with infrequent plaudits complete
full reward scheme of scholars
2) Professional entities such as architects and consulting firms
(1) The remuneration for working at architects and consultants is based on
expertise not be quantified.
(2) The managers of architects and consulting firms are critical for a work
environment for efficiency and competition; deserving high income
(3) Gains such as profit, dividend, interest, rent and royalty are offered to the
employees in the form of company stock, partnership, or special agreement
(4) The rates and prices of consultancy contracts are low by international
standard, their pay expected continue to grow in Taiwan
3) Construction firms
(1) Contractors command more resources than any other players in the industry
and the pay difference among their staffs is determined by contribution
(2) The construction companies are under marginal pressure to meet the
requirement
(3) EPC will allow the constructor to do the design and build works, and so the
construction firms are better to nurture the professionals, technical or
managerial
(4) Specialty contractors if have more control on expertise shall be more dominant
as the nature of the works when economy evolved and the project sophisticated
4) Government Employees
(1) In many Asian countries, the government employees are prestigious despite its
low salary and retrained power. The reasons may be the employment is
permanent and accessible by the graduates inexperienced but good at
examination
(2) But as the economy grows the government enact laws and regulations, much
less flexible for civil servants making them not so comfortable and hesitate to go
after the government posts
5) Bosses or self-employed
(1) The rigor and aggressiveness to found an enterprise will only attach to a
young brain; so, people have to determine whether to be boss or self-employed at
early stage of life
(2) Though a contractor needs capital, follow engineers, business connections,
access to resources for execution; in Taiwan the sub-let system and high context
culture in favor of collaboration between the individuals will allows new comers
to become entrepreneurs before they’re matured
(3) Construction people often risked to become accomplices of authority, super or
sub tier contractors stealing public money. The fraud can be exposed and those
ones forsaking ethic principles would be sacrificed.
(4) Unlike many developing worlds, Taiwan escaped endemic corruption during
and after the days massive infrastructure projects are under construction. If you
want to be a boss in Taiwan, the risk is smaller
7. Features of Construction Industry explained in 5M:
(以人、機、料、錢，市場說明營建業特質：)
1) Man
(1) Power to drive Individuals and Organizations to achieve Business Goal:
- Nature of Power
- Organization
- Leaders
- Power Distance
(2) Managerial cadre:
- Inflated Titles for Professionals
- Recruitment
- Manage self-motivated and highly intelligent workers
- Professional and Occupational
(3) Project-based or Department-oriented(functional) Management:
- Diploma Over-Trump Proficiency
- Company’s Shrived HQ
(4) Personal and organizational behaviors:
- Company Culture related to Size
- High and Low Context Cultures
(5) Labor laws, quality, incentives, unions
- Labor and Taxation Laws in Taiwan
- Taiwan’s Scrupulous Professionals
3) Material
(1) Local and Conventional Material shall be chosen for Construction
(2) Green Construction
(3) Material and Equipment incorporated into Permanent Project
(4) Nominated Subcontractor
4) Money
(1) Payment: cash, in kinds or goods (barter), deferred (BT), franchise revenue
(BOT, PFI)
(2) Standard international contracts to regulate: FIDIC, NEC3 (New Engineering
Contract3), AIA(American Institute of Architects), JCT forms of Contract(Joint
Contract Tribunal) ... etc.
(3) Non-technical People to Control Money.
5) Market
(1) Contractors of Lemming Mentality
(2) Style
of Competition: Lowest Bid, Evaluated Lowest Bid, Value for Money
(3) Elements
of Competition
(4) Defying the International Norms
8. Working Overseas(海外工程):
1) Evolution of International Construction Projects:
(1) Stag 1: Free Movement of Construction Resources across the Borders.
(2) Stage 2: Work Hard vs Work Smart!
(3) Stage 3: Investment Security Trump Everything and in Favor of the
Establishment.
2) Distribution of Added Value under the New Construction Market Order:
(1) "Labor"
(2) Between technical and commercial professionals
3) Chances for Taiwanese Construction Industry to go for Overseas Market.
4) Adjustment Imperative for Company System and Policy.
5) Assignment of People to Run Overseas Works.
6) Mental Readiness for Construction Companies to undertake Overseas Business.
7) License, Registration, Special Permit for Foreign Contractor.
8) Acknowledge of difference and handicaps:
9) Unmanageable Risks:
10) Manageable Risks (with care and monetary provision):
沒有留言:
張貼留言